- Concept = class = noun = vocabulary word
- Triple = subject-predicate-object (such as "John went to the library" - where "John" is the subject, "went-to" is the predicate, and "library" is the object)
- Role = relation = association = the predicate in the triple = verb
- Instance = a specific occurrence of a concept or relationship (can be manually defined or inferred)
- Axiom = a statement of fact/truth that is taken for granted (i.e., is not proved)
- Inference = deriving a logical conclusion from definitions and axioms
- T-Box = a set of concepts and relationships (i.e., the definitions)
- A-Box = a set of instances of the concepts and relationships
- Hierarchy = arrangement of concepts or instances by some kind of classification/relationship mechanism - typical classification hierarchies are by type ("is-a" relationships - for example, "a tiger is a mammal") or by composition ("has-a" relationships - for example, "a person's name has the strucutre: personal or first name, zero or more middle names, and surname or last name")
- Subsumption = is-a classification (determining the ordering of more general to more specific categories/concepts)
- Consistency analysis = check to see that all specific instances make sense given the definitions, rules and axioms of an ontology
- Satisfiability analysis = check to see that an instance of a concept can be created (i.e., that creating an instance will not produce an inconsistency/error)
- Key = one or more properties that uniquely identify an individual instance of a concept/class
- Monothetic classification = identifying a particular instance with a single key
- Polythetic classification = identifying a particular instance by several possible keys which may not all exist for that instance
- Surrogate key = an artificial key
- Natural key = a key that has semantic meaning
- CWA = Closed World Assumption (in databases) = anything not explicitly known to be true is assumed to be false (for example, if you know that John is the son of Mary but have a total of 3 children defined - John, Sue and Albert - and you ask who all the children of Mary are ... you get the answer "John" - 1 child)
- OWA = Open World Assumption (in semantic computing) = anything not explicitly known is assumed to be true (using the same scenario above, asking the same question ... you get the answer "John, Sue and Albert" - 3 children)
An AI Miracle Malcontent
1 year ago
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